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What is characterized by the thickening and hardening of artery walls, usually seen in older adults?

  1. Aneurysm

  2. Atherosclerosis

  3. Arteriosclerosis

  4. Venous insufficiency

The correct answer is: Atherosclerosis

The most appropriate characterization for the thickening and hardening of artery walls, particularly in older adults, is arteriosclerosis. This condition involves the general stiffening and thickening of arteries, contributing to reduced elasticity and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis, while related, specifically refers to the buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) within the arterial walls, which can lead to blockages and more severe cardiovascular issues. Although both conditions can coexist and have similar risk factors, the term "arteriosclerosis" encompasses the broader spectrum of arterial hardening and stiffness without necessarily implying the mechanisms of plaque formation. In summary, understanding that arteriosclerosis pertains more directly to the changes in artery wall structure due to aging and other factors clarifies that this is the correct answer in the context of the question presented.